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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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sweden.4
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Economy
Overview: Aided by a long period of peace and neutrality
during World War I through World War II, Sweden has achieved
an enviable standard of living under a mixed system of high-tech
capitalism and extensive welfare benefits. It has essentially
full employment, a modern distribution system, excellent
internal and external communications, and a skilled and
intelligent labor force. Timber, hydropower, and iron ore
constitute the resource base of an economy that is heavily
oriented toward foreign trade. Privately owned firms account
for about 90% of industrial output, of which the engineering
sector accounts for 50% of output and exports. As the 1990s
open, however, Sweden faces serious economic problems: long
waits for adequate housing, the decay of the work ethic,
and a loss of competitive edge in international markets.
GDP: $132.7 billion, per capita $15,700; real growth rate 2.1%
(1989 est.).
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 5.7% (September 1989).
Unemployment rate: 1.5% (1989).
Budget: revenues $58.0 billion; expenditures $57.9 billion,
including capital expenditures of $NA (FY89).
Exports: $52.2 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.); commodities--machinery,
motor vehicles, paper products, pulp and wood, iron and steel
products, chemicals, petroleum and petroleum products; partners--
EC 52.1%, (FRG 12.1%, UK 11.2%, Denmark 6.8%), US 9.8%, Norway 9.3%.
Imports: $48.5 billion (c.i.f., 1989 est.); commodities--machinery,
petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, motor vehicles,
foodstuffs, iron and steel, clothing; partners--EC 55.8% (FRG 21.2%,
UK 8.6%, Denmark 6.6%), US 7.5%, Norway 6.0%.
External debt: $17.9 billion (1988).
Industrial production: growth rate 3.3% (1989).
Electricity: 39,716,000 kW capacity; 200,315 million kWh
produced, 23,840 kWh per capita (1989).
Industries: iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings,
radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper
products, processed foods, motor vehicles.
Agriculture: animal husbandry predominates, with milk and dairy
products accounting for 37% of farm income; main crops--grains,
sugar beets, potatoes; 100% self-sufficient in grains and
potatoes, 85% self-sufficient in sugar beets.
Aid: donor--ODA and OOF commitments (1970-87), $7.9 billion.
Currency: Swedish krona (plural--kronor); 1 Swedish krona
(SKr) = 100 ore.
Exchange rates: Swedish kronor (SKr) per US$1--6.1798 (January
1990), 6.4469 (1989), 6.1272 (1988), 6.3404 (1987), 7.1236
(1986), 8.6039 (1985).
Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June.